The Threat Of Nuclear Terrorism - 986 Words

The USA has reported Nuclear Terrorism as the number one issue that all Americans are facing today. Nuclear Terrorist attacks in Paris, San Bernardino, California, and New York have raised tension between the US and other countries, especially Islamic countries such as Iran. Nuclear terrorism has killed many innocent people around the globe. It has become the subject of debate in the USA since the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001 (Muller, 2016). Nuclear arms production is one of the root cause of the nuclear terrorism, therefore, increase in nuclear arms production has resulted in an increase in Nuclear Terrorist attacks. The USA and other five countries have introduced the Iran Nuclear Deal to stop Nuclear Terrorism. I believe that the USA should also concentrate in other sectors such as education, poverty, and job opportunities in Iran to reduce Nuclear terrorism. Education will spread awareness among citizens and will result in the citizens involvement in a high-earning job rather than in Nuclear Terrorism to earn money. Poverty problems have compelled Iranians to get involved in terrorism. Therefore, improvement in the standard of living is required. Additionally, implementation of the Iran Nuclear Deal will reduce production of Nuclear arms which will lead to the reduction in Nuclear Terrorism. Nuclear Terrorism has created fear, concern, lack of protection, and distrust towards the USA government (Muller Stewart, 2016). Since history, the USA and IranShow MoreRelatedThe Threat Of Nuclear Terrorism1483 Words   |  6 Pages Nuclear Terrorism Introduction to Homeland Security Victor Reyes Valencia College Abstract Nuclear terrorism can take a variety of forms. The most frequently discussed form involves a terrorist group either stealing a nuclear weapon or building a nuclear device using stolen or illegally purchased nuclear material. This paper explores the dangers and threats of Nuclear Terrorism. It also goes in depth with how the government’s actions have prevented groups, countries and homegrownRead More The Nuclear Terrorism Threat and the Aum Shinrikyo Cult Essay6424 Words   |  26 PagesThe Nuclear Terrorism Threat and the Aum Shinrikyo Cult Until the mid seventies, the term nuclear terror was used predominately to describe the threat of a nuclear attack by the Soviet Union. Since then, however, it has taken on a whole new meaning which many security experts feel poses a more serious threat to national security. In the past few decades, formal terrorist organizations have exploded planes out of the sky, bombed US military and diplomatic facilities abroad, and with the WorldRead MoreDetaining Suspected Terrorists1033 Words   |  4 Pagesrealized the tragedy and destruction caused by terrorism. Marwan Abu Ubcida, a terrorist in training, said, â€Å"Yes, I am a terrorist. Write that down: I admit I am a terrorist. [The Koran] says it is the duty of Muslims to bring terror to the enemy, so being a terrorist makes me a good Muslim.† That enemy happens to be anyone against what they believe. One such enemy meaning the US because we are against terrorism. There is no justification for terrorism and no reason for the g overnment to try to justifyRead MoreThe Government Should Detain Suspected Terrorists Without Trial1036 Words   |  5 Pagesrealized the tragedy and destruction caused by terrorism. Marwan Abu Ubcida, a terrorist in training, said, â€Å"Yes, I am a terrorist. Write that down: I admit I am a terrorist. [The Koran] says it is the duty of Muslims to bring terror to the enemy, so being a terrorist makes me a good Muslim.†(Friedman) That enemy happens to be anyone against what they believe. One such enemy meaning the US because we are against terrorism. There is no justification for terrorism and no reason for the government to try toRead MoreTerrorism, The Nuclear Hazard And Black Market1234 Words   |  5 Pagespreeminent threats to security and the sense of freedom from those threats are terrorism, the nuclear hazard and black market in materiel. These three security issues, not only affect national and international security, but also societal and economic security. Terrorism, has maintained the status as a preeminent threat in the modern world today, but has also become a worldwide phenomenon that has impacted not only in the Middle East but also in the Western World alike. Terrorism has rapidlyRead MorePreventing Terrorism Through Providing Nuclear Security1501 Words   |  7 PagesPreventing Terrorism through Providing Nuclear Security The Department of Homeland Security was initiated as a result of the worst terrorist attack in United States history, September 11th, 2001, with the purpose of providing protection for the American people from a wide variety of terrorist threats. On March 24th and 25th, 2014, President Barack Obama along with 52 other world leaders travelled to The Hague, Netherlands for the 2014 Nuclear Security Summit. While there the President stated inRead MoreNon-Conventional Terrorism963 Words   |  4 PagesNon-conventional terrorism Introduction Terrorism refers to the use of force or threat in order to create fear to the innocent citizens of a country, and the government. It is designed so as to bring some form of political change by targeting the innocent people ADDIN EN.CITE Deutch19971295(Deutch, 1997)1295129517Deutch, JohnTerrorismForeign PolicyForeign Policy10-221081997Washingtonpost.Newsweek Interactive, LLC00157228http://www.jstor.org/stable/1149086( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_5 o Deutch, 1997Read MoreWar Is Not The Answer1294 Words   |  6 Pageswar on terrorism, started by the United States and its allied countries, have caused unnecessary bloodshed with immense repercussion. A looming threat of nuclear war is closer to a reality as the two sides clash, and the benefits coming from war are far few in between. America currently favors militarism, which has lead to the neglect of their own domestic needs in hopes to win this battle. War isn’t leading to any victory, it’s simply an ineffective method in the a ttempt to stop terrorism. SteppingRead More the threat of nuclear proliferation Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagesthe increasing rate of nuclear proliferation. Coupled with the burgeoning number of nuclear devices is the threat of a terrorist possibly obtaining a weapon of such magnitude. While one could argue that the rising number of states with nuclear capability is a disturbing prospect, particularly as many pursue such capabilities without the approval of the â€Å"traditional† nuclear powers, terrorists in possession of nuclear arms presents the most horrific outlook concerning nuclear proliferation. TerroristRead MoreNuclear Weapons Make The World A Safer Place879 Words   |  4 Pages21: â€Å"Nuclear weapons make the world a safer place† POSITION: NO In order to determine whether or not nuclear weapons create a safer world, one must consider what it means to be safe. According to Oxford Dictionaries, the word safe is defined as being â€Å"protected from or not exposed to danger or risk, not likely to be harmed or lost.† How can something so powerfully destructive be associated with safety? In addition to this, one may ask - safe for who? Nuclear weapons pose a legitimate threat to many

A Brief Note On Magazines And Other Forms Of Multi Media

Magazines and other forms of multi-media portray everyone inaccurately; however, especially women (Conley and Ramsey, 2011). Specifically, Magazines do not just portray men and women differently, by sexualizing the women, they also portray elderly women differently than they do younger women. For example, cooking magazines tend to use elderly women on their covers and they are cooking and they have a big smile on their face, and it just looks like they are having a lovely time. In contrast, on a magazine that specifically targets the younger people the women tend to look photoshopped, in a sexually suggestive position, and they tend to have a mad look on their faces. This topic is important to sociology because it is a form of age discrimination. This is because older people are less portrayed in magazines than younger people (Gantz, Gartenberg, and Rainbow, 1980). The textbook defines ageism as â€Å"a system of inequality based on age that privileges the young at the expense of th e old† (p.554). Further, by not portraying elderly women as much as young women, and also by portraying older women as less beautiful than younger women is a form of ageism (Gantz, Gartenberg, and Rainbow 1980). Selection/Justification of Content to Study The content that I will be studying is coming from a magazine. More specifically the magazine is called Vanity Fair. The purpose of this content analysis is to see if the same magazine portrays young women in the same way in which they portrayShow MoreRelatedMarketing Pl Marketing Integration : Market Integration And Marketing1323 Words   |  6 Pagesseeds† to get good results. Following up is like sowing the seeds. Some seeds (but not all) will take hold and bloom into beautiful, mutually beneficial relationships and referrals. Social Media Plan In social media marketing, we always have to keep our eye on turning readers into revenue. When we use social media properly, we get to know potential customers, and they get to know us. we build trust and authority with our responses and build loyalty by getting personal (but not creepy). This may resultRead More Distance Learning Essay2004 Words   |  9 Pagesonline but also so are many corporations. So what is Distance Learning? What kind of impact has Distance Learning made in Higher Education and Corporate Institutions? In this paper, I will define the term Distance Learning, give a brief history of distance learning, note the benefits and the disadvantages of this type of instruction, and explain how Instructional Technology plays a role in this learning program. Definition and History of Distance Learning In order to discuss the historyRead MoreGloablization4764 Words   |  20 PagesState University kreddick1@student.gsu.edu Abstract From news coverage to entertainment, the media shapes, reflects, reinforces and defines the world in which we live. In publishing, theatre, films, television and popular music-industries largely controlled by white men--Blacks continually struggle for both a voice and representation. Many scholars write about the stereotyping of Blacks in the media (Meyers, 1999; Davis, 1989). Light skinned Black women with classic European features predominateRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower2117 Words   |  9 PagesChbosky as a Critique of Social Issues in the 1990s Stephen Chbosky’s The Perks of Being a Wallflower captures not only the essence of the 1990s but also critiques the problems society faced during this time period. The brief but powerful New York Times Bestseller is written in the form of multiple letters sent to an unknown recipient that detail the life of a high school student known to the reader simply as Charlie. This writing style is consistent with the â€Å"self-reflexive acknowledgement of a text’sRead MoreTools and Techniques in Pr6845 Words   |  28 PagesTOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN PUBLIC RELATIONS INDEX 1. TOOLS IN PUBLIC RELATIONS 2. PUBLICITY MEDIA 3. TYPES OF PUBLICITY 4. OTHER FORMS OF PUBLICITY 5. TECHNIQUES USED TO SOLVE PR PROBLEMS 6. PR PROCESS 7. ISSUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (New Jersey Physicians case) 8. CRISIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ( Mattel, Pepsi, Bhopal Gas Tragedy and Exxon case) 9. MODELS IN PR : Open System, Cybernetics and Roles of PR. Tools in Public Relations Publicity is the deliberate attempt to manageRead MoreReport on Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr): Five-Star Hotels2574 Words   |  11 Pagescommodities has also substantially risen. (Goff, 2012). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its extent has always been a practice usually dictated by the owner or the major stakeholders but in today’s world of infinite connectivity and social media, reputation can make or break a corporation. CSR is usually a pledge taken by an establishment or corporation to set in place socio-ethically responsible policies in areas of work ethics, human welfare, environment and human rights. According to SmithRead MorePublic Relations And Communication Plans Essay9523 Words   |  39 Pagesbenefits. It lets people know what is expected of them, it lets others know what is planned, it helps to quantify the resources that are needed and when, it helps to improve communication between the participants, and it creates measurable results. A widely held myth for many years was that public relations performance could not really be measured and therefore couldn’t be expected to undergo the performance and budget scrutiny that other areas of the organization were obliged to accept. These daysRead MoreAlternative Dispute Resolution Non Union Employee Relations2872 Words   |  12 Pages â€Æ' Alternative Dispute Resolution in Non-Union Employee Relations In 2010, Ellen Pao (a woman, who according to Slate magazine is educated in business, law and engineering) filed a discrimination suit against her employer, Kleiner Perkins. In 2015, after a trial that lasted nearly one month, the jury found in favor of Kleiner Perkins. Although this wasn’t the outcome that people had hoped for, many believed that the case represented an important moment for professional women: Despite Pao’s loss,Read MoreCache Level 3 Award, Level 3 Certificate and Level 3 Diploma in Child Care and Education15197 Words   |  61 Pagesor transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission from the Council for Awards in Childrens Care and Education. Published in Great Britain by CACHE Second edition 2008 Third edition 2008 Book Code 500/888/7/V1 Book Code 500/888/7/V3 Publication date September 2008 Publisher Council for Awards in Childrens Care and Education Telephone 0845 347 2123 Fax 01727 818618 Registered Company No: 2887166 Registered Charity No: 1036232 Introduction Please note – This document is intendedRead MoreThe Visceral Politics of V for Vendetta: On Politica Affect in Cinema6851 Words   |  28 PagesPolitics of V For Vendetta: On Political Affect in cinema. By Brian L. Ott* pages 39-54 Abstract This essay concerns the role of political affect in cinema. As a case study, I analyze the 2006 film V for Vendetta as cinematic rhetoric. Adopting a multi-modal approach that focuses on the interplay of discourse, figure, and ground, I contend that the film mobilizes viewers at a visceral level to reject a politics of apathy in favor of a politics of democratic struggle. Based on the analysis, I draw

Social Work Narrative Free Essays

string(95) " down in their luck because of unemployment, disabilities or all other poverty related issues\." Personal Narrative Statement 1)How do you account for your interest in social work? In your response, discuss paid or volunteer experiences that support your choice of social work as a profession? My interest in social work developed during college. I always had a interest in helping others in one way or another. I joined a sorority in college, Delta Sigma Theta, which is based off of community service. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work Narrative or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the week I would volunteer to tutor children that were struggling in certain areas of school. I would talk to these children and explain to them the importance of education and try to influence them as much as possible to try their hardest in everything that they do. I would also go to nursing homes, with other member of our organization, and play bingo with their residents. We thought it was important to spend time with the elderly and/or sick as well. Just knowing how much it meant to those residents for us to come and spend time with them was a phenomenal feeling. After college I worked for the Indianapolis Juvenile Correctional Facility (Girl School) as a Youth Service Officer (YSO). I gained a lot of hands on experience at the Girl School and I was able to work in more depth with the youth. I worked with at least 35-40 troubled teenagers each day. I was their guidance counselor, teacher, disciplinary, and sometimes I felt like their parent. I enjoyed being able to talk with each individual and I learned how to communicate with each of them effectively. Through all these individual experiences I developed a strong desire to become a social worker so that I can help improve people’s lives by helping them cope and solve issues in their everyday lives. )Social work is committed to social justice. What is social justice? What experiences have shaped your interest in advancing social justice? In the future, how will you help advance social justice? Social justice is concerned with equality or equal justice, not just in the courts, but in all aspects of society. This concept demands that people have equal rights and opportunities and this includes everyone, from the poorest to the wealthiest. Social justice refers to a concept of a society that gives individuals and groups fair treatment and fair distribution of advantages, ssets, and benefits among all members of a society. On a positive note, one experience in particular that have shaped my interest in advancing social justice is the inauguration of the first African American President, President Barack Obama. This has had such a positive influence on the minority communities because it has allowed us to see how much things have changed. It has given individuals hope that may have never thought that there would be a Black President or a president outside of the ethnic background of Caucasian. In the future, I hope to be a part of a movement that advances social justice even more. I would like to be a part of something that helps our children in need, employs our workers in need, helps our disabled and heels are criminal justice system. I currently work for a job where I experience inequalities because of my job title or skin color. There are times where I feel that I am not valued as some of my other co-workers due to the difference of our job classification. There are situations that have occurred that I feel like I was misunderstood because of my skin color and some of the negative stereotypes that comes along with it. As a social worker, I would like to establish job confidence, meaning that I would like to implement a system within all jobs that allows all employees no matter of your race, class or gender that allows you maintain the confidence needed to perform your job duties without the ridicule or stereotypes from those of higher positions. 3)What is your perception or understanding of social work as a profession? Elaborate on how you understand social workers intervene with individuals, families, groups, organizations, communities, and political entities? Professional social workers are found in every facet of community life including schools, hospitals, mental health facilities, prisons, military and all other public and private agencies that serve individuals and families in need. Social workers assist individuals, groups or communities restore or enhance social functioning through creating living conditions favorable to their goal or need. Social workers are trained professionals that help people overcome some of life’s most difficult challenges such as poverty, discrimination, abuse, addiction, physical illness, educational issues, mental illness, disability, unemployment, etc. They accomplish this through counseling individuals, families and communities; teaching them how to cope with the stresses of everyday life. From a political standpoint, social workers spend time and money on campaigns that elect public officials that are committed to social work values. Sound public policies enable social workers to meet human needs, be fairly compensated and promote social justice. Overall I perceive social work as a â€Å"take action† profession. Often times, we as human beings complain and talk about what needs to be done but do not do anything beyond that. Social workers are hands on. They are not just talking about what â€Å"should† be done but they are doing something to better our communities. Social workers are about making a difference in society by helping others out that are in need for various reasons. If you are very sick and in need of assistance to perform normal, everyday functions, social workers can assist you in finding a home, affordable to you and your family so that you can have that need met. Social workers assist children that may have been a victim of abuse or witness of domestic violence by removing them from that destructive atmosphere into a much safer environment while providing counseling to aid in the healing process. They provide food, shelter and clothing for those that are down in their luck because of unemployment, disabilities or all other poverty related issues. You read "Social Work Narrative" in category "Narrative essays" There are a wide variety of activities that can be considered social work and professional social workers are employed in many different environments but they all possess one common goal and that is â€Å"helping people†. 4)The concept of cultural pluralism emphasizes respect for diversity of values, heritages, customs, and lifestyles. We are interested in your experiences with people from diverse populations. For each of the following diverse groups, describe how you have worked with each. If you have gaps in your exposure to diversity, what is your plan to broaden your effectiveness to work respectfully and effectively with each of these populations? a)Ethnicity (race, culture) – I have worked with many different ethnicities and cultures in several way. I have worked with different ethnic groups at work, school and everyday life. As a minority, I was raised to treat everyone how I would like to be treated so outside of their physical appearance I look at everyone as my equal. I have different ethnic backgrounds in family which does not seem to be uncommon at all in these days and times. I believe that different backgrounds and cultures is what make our world so beautiful and diverse. b)Spiritual tradition different from your own – Although I don’t understand all of the different spiritual traditions and backgrounds, I definitely have worked with different ones at one time or another. I have dated an individual with a different spiritual background than myself and I learned that although we may have worshiped in different ways; we worshiped for the same purpose. I know that this may not be true of all spiritual backgrounds but I feel that it is important to respect each person spiritual preference even if I don’t agree with their values. I currently work for a hospital and in our registration process we ask each patient if they have a certain spiritual preference that they would like us to note on their chart. We ask this question not to be judgmental but to provide that option if the patient wants to seek clergy while hospitalized. c)Age – I have worked with a variety of ages throughout the year. Currently I work with a wide variety of age groups. I work in a laboratory and there are both older and younger age groups. Our younger employees respect the older employees because we have learned a lot from their experiences. I, personally, have never been discriminated against because of my age, as far as I know, and it does not seem to be a major issue from my experiences. I have also worked over a lot of juveniles in a correctional facility setting. I found this job to be quite challenging at times because these individuals required a lot of attention and redirecting. However, the experience within itself was priceless. d)Disability – Working in a hospital setting has allowed me to encounter a lot of patients with several different disabilities. Watching these patients struggle with things that the average human being might take for granted is a mind-blowing experience within itself. Seeing and hearing these individuals talk about their disabilities has made me become more appreciative of the little things in life like walking, driving, talking, working, being able to dress and bath myself, etc. Although working with people with disabilities can be disheartening, it is also very rewarding because it makes you feel really good to be able to assist another person in need. e)Socio-Economic – I have worked with people with different socio-economic backgrounds or statuses because I have experienced different socio-economic statuses. Both of my parents came from family households containing at least 6 or more children and as a result neither one of my parents had much, economically, as a child. My parents got married and started a family at a young age so as a esult I was raised on a lower socio-economic status then some of my peers. Living in a time where new technologies are developed constantly and wealth and greed are at an all time high, I am constantly striving to achieve more. However, I know to achieve more wealth or higher socio-economic status one must lay a strong educational background foundation which is why I would like to further my education by achieving a M asters Degree. f)Sexual orientation – Sexual orientation is usually divided into 3 groups: Heterosexual, Homosexual, and Bisexual. We live in a time where all three groups are becoming more predominant, especially homosexual and bisexual groups. Regardless of my sexual preference I feel that it is important to respect individual’s decision and not to judge them by it. As a phlebotomist I have to draw all patients regardless of their sexual orientation. I do not treat homosexual’s any different than I treat heterosexual’s when taking precautions against exposures. Actually I was trained to treat all patients as if they had a communicable disease to lessen my risk of exposing myself to contaminants. I have also worked around individuals that outwardly discuss their sexual preferences and I don’t think that they should not discuss it if it is not considered the â€Å"norm†, however I feel that all sexual orientations should be able to express themselves as long as it’s considered appropriate conversation considering the environment. 5)When social workers are in a situation where they must choose between two relevant, but competing choices, and where each choice may have an undesirable consequence for the parties involved, this is called an ethical dilemma. Describe an ethical dilemma you have experienced. Discuss your decision-making process and factors which contributed to the ultimate outcome. Please protect confidentiality, and DO NOT reveal names of individuals or organizations. I worked for my previous job for more than 7 years as a phlebotomist and I gained a lot of training and insight through this experience. With the economy becoming so bad my employer was having to cut back so they had hiring and wage freezes. I was working without insurance because the hiring freeze would not allow me to change my status from PRN to full time so that I could receive benefits. Suddenly, the hospital that I was working for through my employer decided not to renew their contract with my company which had my department in fear of unemployment. The hospital decided to open up their own laboratory and hire their own staff. This had a great impact on my employer because it was a great financial loss for our company which meant more possible cut backs. I was forced to make a difficult decision because I had a lot of experience with the company I was employed for but I needed benefits and the hospital was offering full time status plus benefits. Due to the short notice my current employer was insuring us that if we left them to work for the hospital that we will not be allowed to return there for employment. Do I stay or do I go was the question I would ask myself over and over. What if things didn’t go well with this new laboratory? How long will the hiring and wage freeze last? After a few months of deliberating I finally chose to work for the hospital. I thought this would be a great opportunity for me and I would be able to receive the benefits that I desperately needed for myself and my child. As of now, I have not regretted this decision. Our laboratory is a success and I am currently receiving the health benefits that I was seeking. I make a lot more money than I did with my previous employer and I also receive bonuses, vacation time and holiday pay. This ethical dilemma turned out in my favor after all and I have no desire to return to my previous employer. 6)Social work is a profession that has considerable emotional demands on the practitioner. How do you handle stress and what coping skills do you anticipate using as a competent practitioner? I handle stress the best by remaining calm and focused so that I can think clearly and make good decisions. I like to reflect on what I think is causing the stress and figure out the best way possible to minimize that stressor. As a competent practitioner in the social work profession I plan to have stressful situations therefore I’m not surprised or caught off guard when they occur. I will remain calm and level-headed as much as possible so that I can provide what is necessary. Through my experience I have noticed that people react better to individuals that are calm, confident and in control. People feel a lot safer when they are in the hands of a profession that is in control of the situation and that knows how to remain strong but sensitive to whatever the circumstances may be. 7)Graduate school provides learning opportunities that require an investment of time and energy. Plan to spend an average of 36 hours per week on homework for a full-time load of four courses. In addition, three semesters of field practica require approximately 20-24 hours per week. Discuss why you are prepared to attend graduate school at this time in your life/career. Please describe plans that you are making to adjust your personal and professional life in order to successfully participate in: a)The coursework, class preparation and assignments. Academic pursuits require approximately 9 hours a week per class. b)Two separate field practica of approximately 20-24 hours per week for 3 semesters. These practica must be completed at practicum agencies during daytime hours; rarely do practicum sites offer night/evening/weekend hours. It has been 6 years since I graduated from college after completing my bachelors and I have now decided that I am ready to go back to college to receive a masters degree. Since relocating back to my hometown I have had trouble finding a job in my major, Criminal Justice, and would like to expand my knowledge by returning for a Masters Degree in Social Work (MSW). As a single mother of two children I plan on making a lot of adjustments in order to make this work out for me. I am currently working full-time, 40 hours or more a week, on dayshift so I don’t have to adjust my hours for this program but more or less the amount of hours so that I can focus and have time to complete my assignments. )My children are enrolled in school and daycare so I plan to do a lot of the homework during their school/daycare hours to prevent distractions. I also anticipate a lot of late hours of studying beginning after I lay my children down to sleep at night. My biggest goal is to prevent and form of procrastination from hibernating within myself. I want to stay on top things so that I am not cramming and falling behind in my classes. Organization is also an import ant goal during this endeavor. Remaining organized will prevent me from missing assignments, due dates and all other important factors that may apply. b)The most difficult challenge I am facing during this program will be the field practica of approximately 20-24 hours per week for 3 semesters. I am concerned that financial constraints may develop during this period of unpaid work. Therefore to prepare for this challenge I am currently saving as much money as possible while working full-time now. I want to be able to be focused on my practica and not financially stressed while trying to concentrate on my studies. I also plan on applying for financial aid so that I can receive assistance to help pay for my living expenses or room and board. I was in a similar situation when I did my internship for my bachelors program except for that required 40 hours a week of unpaid time. I successfully completed that task through the methods mentioned previously so I’m confident that everything will work out with this program. When I was a child my parents would always use this quote: â€Å"Where there is a will there is a way† and since I am very much willing I know that my faith will guide me the entire way. How to cite Social Work Narrative, Essays

Why Accountability Formation Is Important free essay sample

Why Accountability Formations Are Important This one thousand word essay that I am writing today is to explain what the importance of accountability formation is. Accountability formation is held every duty day to ensure the safty and well being of all personell within the company or battalion. Accountability starts, at most times, at 0630 hrs for physical training. During this time the First Sgt accounts for the safty and well being of his NCOs who in turn account for the safty and well being of their soldiers.If a soldiers or NCO does not arrive for 0630 formation then every attempt must be made to conntact the missing soldier or NCO. Another formation is then held at 0930 and everyone is once again accounted for on a platoon level. This formation is held not only for accountability but also to assign details to everyone in the unit, put out information about training, future details or tasks that need to be accomplished by COB. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Accountability Formation Is Important or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tasks come down from battalion to be accomplished and must be accomplished in a timely manner.The same applies to any training that comes down from battalion, the unit must meet their training requirements. These accountability formations are also important because it lets the commander of the unit know how many personnel are avaliable to perform any tasks that come down or for any missions that need to be completed. This is important information because if some one is already assigned to a detail or mission they do not need to be double tapped, this alone could cause issues. The same applies to any soldiers or NCOs that have appointments.You do not want to double tap a soldier or NCO who is booked with appointments. You do not know what the importance of these appoints and there for should not make it hard on that soldier or NCO to meet their appointment. Also is a leader does not know how many people he or she may have then they do not know who is avaliable to complete tasks and or missions. Equipment is also to be accounted for to ensure the readiness of the unit. It is also mandatory to account for the equipment so as to insure that the enemy is not getting ahold of the equipment. All unites have a certain level of readiness that they must meet.It is especially important to account for equipment and personnel during times of deployment. You must be completely ready to deploy when the time comes to ensure that you are ready as a unit for any and all missions that you must accomplish down range. Everything must be accounted for every day at all times. Any food, ammo, personnel, vehicles, fuel. All of these things must be account. The chain of command reports up to battalion to let them know the numbers and readiness of the unit. The unit must be completely ready at all times because you never know when orders will drop to be deployed.

Technology Management Strategy

Introduction Any organization has various resources to use in achieving its objectives, technology is one of them and others include financial and human resources. Therefore the organization must consider managing technology to be one of its basic functions, whereby it develops technology strategy just as it does for other functions of marketing, finance and human resources.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Management Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More s a result the organization will be able to determine; the unique technological competences as well as capabilities that it needs to attain and maintain competitive advantage. It will also be able to determine the technologies it can use to put in to operation the core design concepts and the levels of investment to put in technology. Analyzing the evolution the reasons for Corning’s technology strategy from 1850 to the late 1960’ Th rough the period of 1950s to 1960s Coning Inc stuck to its founder’s product concept of majoring in glass making, where it developed its technological competence and capability. By 1874 the company was already acknowledged as a producer in first quality glass, where it was producing signal glass for rail roads. In 1908 introduced a heat-resistant glass known as Nonex, in 1929 ventured in casting of giant mirrors which are used in telescopes. In 1938, embarked on fiber glass that it had left in 1920s, where it incorporated a company to effectively exploit the area. In 1947 opened a separate facility where it made TV bulbs and cathode ray tubes. In 1957, advanced in the technology of high-resistant heat glass where it introduced a line of cookware. The company’s strategy was based on innovation and pioneering in development of new technology. This was achieved through investing in long-term research that sometimes paid off, after many years or decades. A case in point is when it introduced a specialized research lab in 1904 and employed a full-time researcher. This paid off four years later by the introduction of a revolutionary type of glass that is heat resistant. Another success of research was the introduction of the revolutionary â€Å"ribbon machine† in 1926, which improved the company’s processes. On resuming research in fiber glass in 1934, sales increased from $3.7M in 1939 to $56.2M in 1944. Between 1954 and 1961 the company invested millions of dollars in color TV bulb technology and when the sales took off the company was the major supplier making sales of up to 2.7million units by 1965. The company used internal sourcing that helped it to develop sustaining technologies to continue with what it could do best- strategic action. In addition its internal RD department was capable of assimilating external information that it used to advance its quality.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example in 1965 the company made major advances in developing the technology of heat-resistant glass whereby it came up with corning ware. This was a line of cookware that was used on stove tops. This also was a major pay-off as the company made sales worth $15million of corning ware in 1959 and $25million in 1960. The company also had a large technological depth strategy whereby it had a range of technological options to its disposal. Therefore the firm’s capacity to predict developments and shifts in technology in time was enhanced. This increased the firm’s flexibility in technology and ability to respond to new consumer demands in the market compared to its competitors. The company’s timely response can be seen in various adjustments it made, such as in1882 sales of rail road globes formed a significant percentage of the company’s sales. By 1908 the sales had fallen significantly however the firm had introduced Nonex and pyrex, which were revolutionary types of glass that were heat –resistant. Both of these were products of specialized research lab that was introduced four years earlier (Burgelman, Christensen, and Wheelwright, 2008) Technology alliance was also a key strategy that the firm used to sustain its technology leadership. In 1938, the company entered in a 50/50 joint venture and collectively incorporated a company called Owens-Corning fiber glass. This was a strategic alliance as Corning Inc. had realized that it was behind in certain areas that were important in the technology development. This resulted in significant increase in sales of the incorporated company from 3.7million dollars in 1939 to 56.2 million dollars in 1944. In addition, in 1938, the join venture through continuous research successfully synthesized silicon resins. The product was used as lubricants and also acted as substitutes of rubber in many functions (Burgelman, Ch ristensen, and Wheelwright, 2008). Corning’s technology strategy during the period of1970 to 2000 By early 1970s the company had started investing in fiber-optics technology, which was a clear shift from its glass making technology. Here the company saw potential though it was still early to realize the benefits and also the company did not have complimentary assets to cater for the large costs that come with innovation. The company nearly shut down this project, however in 1973 it got in to a strategic alliance with Siemens in a joint venture partnership. Through this they were able to make optical fiber cables. The access to complimentary assets from already established Siemens enhanced Corning’s capacity to exploit the opportunities, whereby it built a pilot plant that was full-scale and also invested more than $100million by late 1981 in optical waveguides.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Management Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another shift in 1970 was venturing in to automobile industry of which after four years of research $100M worth of sales were made. In addition Corning also invested heavily in medical products which saw sales move from $3million in 1970 to $30 million after four years. It also made major acquisition of $125 M of Medpath to enhance its medical line. As a result of shift from the glass industry the company needed to develop core competencies in these new industries, hence in 1983 the company dropped operations of automobile industry and focused its resources in the remaining two. This can be explained through the concept of dominant technology trajectories whereby it states that industries go through cycles (Kristinsson Rao, n.d). There is emergence stage whereby an innovation is discovered, then development stage whereby various designs of the same innovation are realized by different firms. Lastly these various designs com pete in the market and through process and product designs, as a result some firms drop out of the industry. One or a few firms become dominant suppliers and the remaining resort to niche markets. This is seen by the way Corning drops out from automobile industry in 1983 and out of medical industry in 1996. At the emergence stage there were different firms that were venturing into the telecommunications industry (optical waveguides), including some of the 150 firms in the industry. Each firm is trying to come up with new commercial processes and products through research in this technological trajectory (Kristinsson Rao, n.d). In 1996 Corning Inc. set clear goals to pursue telecommunications innovations and as a result it aggressively invested in photonics and optical fibers. Different technological trajectories emerged with Corning Inc.‘s being one of them. As the industry heads to maturity the main players are now clearly identifiable, as they have distinctive and quality p roducts. In line with this Corning came up with a range of sophisticated products, that put it amongst the main players. Then there is the dominance stage, whereby the technology trajectory of one of the firms achieves dominance. Corning Inc. became dominant by the end of 2000, whereby it made sales of $5biilion out of the total market worth of $7billion. In addition the company made acquisitions of other rival companies which were significant to deepening its expertise in the innovations (Kristinsson Rao, n.d). Challenges faced by Joe Miller, Corning’s Chief Technological Officer, faces in 2003? One of the challenges is competence trap or core rigidity, whereby a firm can be so focused and competent in a given area such that in case of drastic changes in the industry then the firm might fall. Here Corning Inc was so much competent in telecommunications industry such that when the industry nose-dived, the company ran out of options.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another challenge can be explained through the S-curve concept, whereby the curve has four phases, which are initial stage, growth, and decline. The industry had reached decline stage, therefore the chief Technological Officer had to decide whether the firm should exit the industry or it should re-invent itself. Other challenges were, determining if the decline was temporary, determining other potential industries that the firm could venture in to incase the current one failed (Forster, n.d) References Burgelman, R. A., Christensen, C. M. and Wheelwright, S. C. (2008). Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Forster, R. D. Description of the S curve (n.d.) Retrieved from https://www.12manage.com/description_s_curve.html Kristinsson Rao The Emergence of Dominant Technology Trajectories in the US Medical; Device Industry (n.d.) Web. Management of Technology–Design and Implementation of Technology Strategy. n.d. Web. This essay on Technology Management Strategy was written and submitted by user Empath to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Neuro Lab Report Essay Example

Neuro Lab Report Essay Example Neuro Lab Report Paper Neuro Lab Report Paper We no longer observed an increase in peak of action potential trace at the 3. 5 Voltage. Activity 2-4: 1. What did you observe when the glass rod contacted the nerve? The glass rod contacted the nerve there was an instant deflection of the line. There was action potential on the oscilloscope. When 1. How does this tracing compare with the other tracings you have generated? The tracing was the exact same outcome as the other tracings except there was no added voltage only the addition of the glass rod. 3. What did you observe when the heated glass rod contacted the nerve? There was an instant deflection of the line similar to the line caused by the heated glass rod. Non- 4. How does this trace compare to the trace that we generated with the unheated glass rod? The tracing of the heated glass rod on the nerve was slightly a bit higher at tracing of its maximum peak and slightly lower at the lowest peak than the of the non heated glass rod. Acid 5. What did you observe when you added sodium chloride and hydrochloric solutions to the nerve? Once sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid solutions were added to the nerve there was a deflection of the line and caused action potential. Summarize your experimental results: What kinds of stimuli can elicit an action potential? Any stimuli that can reach above the 3 Voltage can elicit an action potential . Activity 5: 1. What are the effects of ether on the nerve? The effects of the ether on the nerve is that it causes the nerve to have no action potential. 1. How long did it take for the nerve to return to normal ? It took the nerve 6 minutes to return back to normal. Activity 6: 1. What effect did adding curare have on the action potential? Effect of adding curare was that it created action potential to the nerve. 1. Explain this effect. The It The effect of curare is paralyzing the action potential of the nerve. Interferes with the neuromuscular junction, it interferes with the Acetic Cooling and it depilatories it. 1. What do you think would be the overall effect of curare on the organism The overall effect of the curare on the organism is that it prevents the flow neuron impulses from neuron to neuron. Activity 7: 1. Does adding loading to the nerve generate an action potential? Adding loading does not generate action potential. 1. Explain why loading has this effect on nerve fiber transmission.

The Drug abuse Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Drug abuse - Assignment Example Absorption is the passageway of alcohol into the blood. Distribution is the temporary placement of alcohol into various body tissues. Conversely, metabolism is the process whereby enzyme systems in the body change drugs into safer molecules which can then be excreted by a variety of routes of removal. Part 5 In the first face, mind alteration chemicals often perceive as either an attempt to increase one’s awareness and consciousness. Adolescence is the critical phase of the brain development that alters the brain functioning. The other phase is phase II reaction whereby the brain is altered by increased or extended abuse of the substance. Part 6 Based on the agent, the causes of addictions are very dangerous because they cause harm to the body organs. Generally, addiction can influence environment especially to individuals who are in colleges. The effects of drug abuse are negative because they cause harm appropriate body organs such as the brain. Part 7 The experiment was an attempt to assist students to experiment and understand the interaction of biological, psychological and social processes of drug addiction. The eyes cubes show how individuals are addicted to drugs. The experiment ran for 48 consecutive hours. Preoccupation with the abused substance can seep into every waking hour. You may not be experiencing the intense withdrawal symptoms that keep getting their drug on the minds of addicts, but with the log, we are trying to make you think about your drug every waking hour of the day.

Credo essay Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Credo essay - Coursework Example Although we might not always be able be in a position to see the foundations of grand skyscrapers, we know that there has to be one because without it, the tall skyscraper would collapse when faced with the smallest gust of wind. For me, my family is essentially this foundation, it is my biggest supporter when I need to be encouraged and assured, and it is where I run to when things do not work out and I feel insecure. Family is of great importance and has an influence on the individuals we turn out to be, we cannot hide our true feelings from our families as they can always see right through us. My family has been instrumental in teaching me how to relate and interact with others. From my family, I have managed to gain a number of strong role models, ranging from my father who is always strong in the face of any calamity and never runs away from bravely confronting any challenges in life, to my grandmother whose special brand of affection is truly one of life’s greatest treas ures, my small sister whose openness and vivacity is quite infectious to my mother endless love that we constantly draw upon. There is nothing as good as the joy that is shared all round when a family sits down to enjoy each other’s company and laugh together. At times families do tend to experience difficulties that cause them to close ranks and cry, but this is ultimately overshadowed by the certain morning that is sure to eventually breakout as the family overcomes the challenges in their paths and are able to once again able to enjoy the joy of sunshine after a dark moment and laugh together. My family comforts and helps me to deal with life’s challenges; whether it is something as relatively small as not finding a favorite pair of shoes to wear when I want to go out, or something as monumental as the cold touch of death. I go through life with the quite assurance that in the face of calamities and challenging situations, I can always look up to my family for support and

Organizational behaviour of Oman Air Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organizational behaviour of Oman Air - Essay Example This paper presents Oman Air Company. The SWOT analysis of the firm has been performed to find the internal and the external environmental situation of the company. The international carrier of the Sultanate of Oman is Oman Air and the company is based in Muscat. 33.8% stake of the company is held by the government and the key operation of the company is in providing international and domestic passenger services. It also offers charter work and local air taxi. Oman Air was founded during 1993 and it has a strong business presence in the Sultanate of Oman. Airlines industry is highly susceptible to political changes as the political environment plays a major role in determining the travelling frequency of travelers especially international. Unstable political environment markedly reduced the international traffic inflow. Since Oman Air is the national carrier for the Sultanate of Oman the business is largely monopolistic in nature. According to the official report of Oman Air during t he year 2008 the company faced net loss of 42.775 million RO due to economic downturn. Though in Oman the economic downturn did not have a huge impact and the passenger traffic rose by 19% the company faced losses due to economic slowdown in the international market. The internal environment of a company can be assessed using McKinsey’s 7-S framework. The seven variables of the McKinsey framework offer the needed structure to analyze the operations of an organization and the interdependency of the variables is useful while analyzing complex organizations (Waterman et al, 1980). Strategy – Oman Air is the leading carried in Oman and their strategy is to maintain a positive work culture and thus promote customer friendly operations. Providing a reliable, safe and seamless flying experience which is further enhanced by friendly and warm customer services. Support in bound local tourism and become the first choice airline. Structure – The organizational structure of Oman Air is large and handling such a large structure is difficult. In order to become more efficient in its operations the communications from the corporate to the employees has to be made clearer by making changes in their organizational structure. Systems – The cargo operations management system is completely automated thus enabling automated end to end cargo operations, processing efficiency, accurate tracking, flight capacity that is optimized and e-freight capabilities (press release, 2011). Skills – The prominent skill of the employees at Oman Air rests in offering customer friendly services. Managers are responsible for monitoring and assessing the skill of each crew member. This gives the needed framework to enable inclusion of its corporate strategy into the employees work practices. Staff – Recruitment and selection of new staff is based on their field experience and educational qualification. To maintain high levels of performance the staff are trai ned on a continuous basis. Style – The staff are lead in an effective manner by the managers. The managers are kept updated by higher level of the board of directors. Shared values – The main value of Oman Air lies in its staff members. A value of importance is instilled in all staff members. The well being of the company directs all individuals and the culture of the company is imbibed in its work

Characterizing Novel Methoxybenzene via Boron-ate Complex

Characterizing Novel Methoxybenzene via Boron-ate Complex Synthesis and Characterization of Novel (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene via Boron-ate Complex Habib Hussain[*], Syeda Rubina Gilani, Zulfiqar Ali, Imdad Hussain, Hajira Rehman   Abstract: Novel (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene was synthesized through boron-ate complex. 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl diisopropylcarbamate was reacted with allylboronic acid pinacol ester in the presence of N,N,N,N-tetramethylethyllenediamine (TMEDA) to give secondary boronic ester which was further reacted with (vinylsulfonyl)benzene by using Grubbs Hoveyda II. Resulting product (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane was then treated with 1-bromo-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene in the presence of n-BuLi to get nucleophilic boron-ate complex. (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene was obtained in excellent yields by stirring boron-ate complex at 50oC for 1h and refluxing for 15h. Keywords: Lithiation Borylation, Secondary Boronic Ester, Olefin Cross Metathesis, 1-bromo-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene , Boron-ate Complex 1. Introduction Olefin metathesis chemistry1 has led a number of opportunities in organic synthesis. Olefin metathesis2involves the redistribution of fragments ofalkenes by regeneration of carbon-carbondouble bonds. There are numerous applications of olefin metathesis and it is an important methodology to produce reagents. Addition of aryl lithium reagents to secondary boronic esters results to a new class of chiral organometallic-type reagents which have broad utility in asymmetric organic synthesis. R. Larouche-Gauthier3 formed intermediate boron-ate complex by adding an aryllithium reagent to a secondary boronic ester. It behaved as a chiral nucleophile and maximum enantioselectivity was found by using electron withdrawing groups on aryllithium. Habib Hussain4 studied the effect of steric bulk of aryllithium on stereoselectivity of boron-ate complexes. Hoffmann5 obtained chiral Grignard reagents from sulfoxides Mg exchange reaction of halosulfoxides. Herbert C. Brown6 investigated iodination of the ate- complexes from various B-alkoxyborinane derivatives and 1-alkynyllithium. E. Vedejs7 synthesized ate- complexes which contained stereogenic boron by reacting trivalent boranes with nucleophiles. They noticed that stability of ate-complex depend upon the electronegativity of substituents attached to b oron. Ryschkewitsch, G. E8 resolved chiral boron-ate complexes by classical methods. Anna Bernardi 9 determined the role of ate-complxes im aldol stereoselectivity. In the recent paper, we reported the synthesis of Novel (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene (7). It was characterized by IR, 1H, 13C and ms. Lithiation-Borylation was used to synthesize the secondary boronic ester and by using olefin cross metathesis, it gave (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane when reacted with (vinylsulfonyl)benzene. (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane was converted into ate-complex when on heating produced the desired product. 2. Experimental Section 2.1. Materials: n-butyllithium (nBuLi), sec. butyllithium solution (sBuLi) (1.6M), pinacol, N,N,N,N-tetramethylethyllenediamine (TMEDA), (vinylsulfonyl)benzene, Grubbs Hoveyda II and 1-bromo-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. All reagents were used as such as received. To avoid from moisture diethyl ether (Et2O) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were dried with 4 A ° molecular sieves. The experiments were performed using schlenk line under nitrogen atmosphere in the absence of air and moisture. 2.2. Synthesis and Characterization of 2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (3): To a solution of 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl diisopropylcarbamate (1.0g, 3.41mmol, 1.0eq) (1) and N,N,N,N-tetramethylethyllenediamine (TMEDA) (0.61mL, 4.09mmol, 1.2eq) (2a) in Et2O (17mL) at -78oC, Sec. BuLi (1.6M in 92:8 cyclohexane/hexane, 2.9mL, 3.75mmol, 1.1eq) was dropwise added and stirred for 5h at -78oC. Then allylboronic acid pinacol ester (0.77mL, 4.09mmol, 1.2eq) (2) was dropwise added to the reaction mixture and further stirred at -78oC for 1h and allowed to warm to room temperature. At this stage, a solution of MgBr2.OEt2 in Et2O, made as follows, was added to the reaction mixture. [At room temperature, 1,2-dibromoethane (0.60mL, 6.88mmol, 1.0eq) was added into a suspension of magnesium (0.17g, 6.88mmol, 1.0eq) in Et2O (8.6mL). The reaction flask was further stirred for 2h after placing into a water bath in order to control the moderate exotherm]. Biphasic mixture having two layers thus obtained was added to the former reaction mixture via syringe and then refluxed for 16h . After cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature it was quenched with water. Et2O was added, the layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with Et2O. The combined organic layers were washed with 1N HCl, 1N NaOH, water and brine, dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by column chromatography (SiO2) and pure (R)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (3) (0.84g, 77.60%) was obtained as colorless oil. The reaction is given in Figure 1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 7.09 (2H, d, J=8.80 Hz, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 6.81 (2H, d, J=8.80 Hz, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 5.86 – 5.75 (1H, m, CH=CH2) 5.04 (1H, d, J=2.20 Hz, CH=CHH) 4.94 (1H, d, J=10.27 Hz, CH=CHH) 3.78 (3H, s, OCH3) 2.63 2.48 (2H, m, ArCH2CH2CHBCH2) 2.27 2.11 (2H, m, ArCH2CH2CHBCH2) 1.78 1.58 (2H, m, ArCH2CH2CHBCH2) 1.25 (12H, s, 4 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ CH3) 1.08 1.18 (1H, m, ArCH2CH2CHBCH2) 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 157.6 (1C, -OCH3), 138.4 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH), 135.0 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH), 129.2 (1C, ArC-O), 114.9 (1C, -CH2CH=CH2), 113.6 (1C, -CHb=CH2), 83.0 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ C(CH3)2), 55.2 (1C, ArCCH2), 35.3 (1C, CH2CH2CHB), 34.5 (1C, -CH2CHB), 33.1 (1C, -CHBCH2CH), 24.9 (1C, -CH2CH2CHB), 24.8 (4C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ (CH3)2C). 11B NMR (96.23 MHz, None) ÃŽ ´ ppm 33.24 IR (film): ÃŽ ½ (cm–1) 3026 (sp2C-H Stretch), 2977, 2924, 2852 (sp3 C-H Stretch), 1511, 1456(sp2 C=C Stretch), 1243, 1175, 1142 (sp3C-O Stretch), 846, 822, 670 (sp2 C-H oop bending). 2.3. Synthesis and Characterization of (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5): Grubbs-Hoveyda II (4a) (3.9mg, 0.0063mmol, 0.05eq) was added to a solution of 2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (3) (40mg, 0.126 mmol, 1.0eq) and (vinylsulfonyl)benzene (4) (0.0635g, 0.378mmol, 3.0eq) in CH2Cl2 (2mL). After fitting a condenser to the flask, reaction mixture was refluxed for 15h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was then reduced in volume to 0.5mL and purified directly on a silica gel column eluting with 9:1 Pet. Ether/ EtOAc to provide the desired product (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5) as dark brown solid (0.0438g, 77.25%)10. m.p. 82.0oC 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 7.88-7.84 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 7.62-7.56 (1H, m, , 1 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 7.54-7.48 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 7.05-6.99 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 6.96 (1H, t, J=6.97 Hz, CH2-CH=CH) 6.84-6.77 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 6.31 (1H, dt, J=15.16, 1.47 Hz, CH2-CH=CH) 3.78 (3H, s, -CH3) 2.59-2.45 (2H, m, CH2-CH2-CHB) 2.43-2.26 (2H, m, CH2-CHB-CH2) 1.77-1.66 (1H, m, CH2-CHB-CHH) 1.63-1.53 (1H, m, CH2-CHB-CHH) 1.27-1.21 (1H, m, CH2-CHB-CH2) 1.18 (12 H, s, 4 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ CH3) 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 157.7 (1C, ArC-O) 146.9 (1C, ArC-S) 140.8 (1C, CH=CH-S) 134.2 (1C, CH=CH-S) 133.1 (1C, ArC-CH2) 130.6 (1C, ArCH) 129.2 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 129.1 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 127.5 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 113.7 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 83.4 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ C(CH3)2) 55.2 (1C, OCH3) 34.1 (1C, CH2CHBCH2) 33.1 (1C, CH2CH2CHB) 32.8 (4C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ (CH3)2C) 24.8 (1C, -CHBCH2CH) 24.7 (1C, CH2CH2CHB) 11B NMR (96.23 MHz, None) ÃŽ ´ ppm 33.24 IR (film): ÃŽ ½ (cm–1) 2977, 2924 (sp3 C-H Stretch), 1511, 1446(sp2 C=C Stretch), 1244, 1176, 1141 (sp3C-O Stretch), 822, 730, 687 (sp2 C-H oop bending). 2.4. Synthesis and Characterization of (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene (7): To a solution of 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3Br (24.6mg, 0.084mmol, 1.2eq) in THF (1.9mL) at -78oC was added n-BuLi (1.6M in hexanes, 0.053mL, 0.084mmol, 1.2eq) dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 1 hr at -78oC before a solution of boronic ester (32mg, 0.070mmol, 1.0eq) in THF (1.5mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30min at -78oC and 30min at room temperature to form boron-ate complex which was further heated at 50oC for 1 hr and refluxed for 15hr. Reaction was quenched with water, EtOAc was added and layers were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc. Then layers were combined, washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), concentrated. The crude mixture was finally purified by column chromatography (SiO2, 2:1 Pet.Ether/EtOAc) to get desired product as colorless oil (19.87mg, 62.10%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 7.14-7.07 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 6.85 6.80 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 6.30 (1H, dt, J=17.00, 10.21 Hz, CH=CH-CH=CH2) 6.12-5.97 (1H, m, CH=CH-CH=CH2) 5.78-5.69 (1H, m, CH=CH-CH=CH2) 5.21-5.06 (1H, m, CH=CHH) 4.99-4.95 (1H, m, CH=CHH) 3.79 (3H, s, -CH3) 2.70-2.60 (2H, m, CH2CH2CH) 2.52-2.33 (2H, m, CH2CH2CH) 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 157.7 (1C, ArC-O) 137.0 (1C, CH=CH2) 133.7 (1C, CH=CH-CH=CH2) 132.0 (1C, ArC-CH2) 129.5 (1C, CH=CH-CH=CH2) 129.1 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 114.9 (1C, CH=CH2) 113.6 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 55.1 (1C, CH3) 34.6 (1C, CH2CH2CH) 34.5 (1C, CH2CH2CH) IR (film): ÃŽ ½ (cm–1) 2955, 2921, 2852 (sp3 C-H Stretch), 1737, 1461(sp2 C=C Stretch), 1277, 1184, 1137 (sp3C-O Stretch), 967, 805 (sp2 C-H oop bending). HRMS (ESI) calcd. for C13H17O [M+H]+ 189.1279, found 189.1287. 2.5. Equipments 1H and 13C spectral measurements were done by using Varian NMR (400 MHz) spectrometer (model DMX 400). For protons, the chemical shifts were measured relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) at d = 0 ppm. 3. Results and Discussion Starting material 2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (3) has been synthesized as colorless oil in excellent yields (77.6%) (table 1, entry 1) by using Lithiation-Borylation methodology; Carbamate (1) was reacted with pinacol (2) by using TMEDA (2a) at suitable conditions (fig.1). Spectral studies proved the structure as mentioned in literature11. By using application of olefin cross metathesis, boronic ester (3) was then reacted with (vinylsulfonyl)benzene (4) to give (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5) as dark brown solid. Yield was again excellent (table 1, entry 2) for this reaction. Table 1: Physical states and yields Entry Substances Physical States Melting points Yield (%) 1 Colorless oil 77.60 2 Dark brown solid 82.0oC 77.25 3 Colorless oil 62.10 Boron-ate complex (6) which acted as nucleophile was synthesized by reacting (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5) with aryllithium (5a). Boron-ate complex (6) showed best nucleophilic character by using 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3Br (5a) as aryllithium11 and it was then stirred at 50oC for 1hr and then refluxed for 15hrs and desired product (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene (7) was collected. 4. Conclusions: Novel (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene has been synthesized through a novel route and characterized by spectral techniques like IR, 1H, 13C and ms. Boron-ate complex was successfully converted into aromatic dienes. This novel synthetic route resulted in excellent yields. Acknowledgment: Authors gratefully acknowledge financial support to the work by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and moreover authors acknowledge the Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore-Pakistan and Superior University Lahore-Pakistan for guidance, research and laboratory facilities. References: Grubbs, R. H.; Chang, S. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 4413–4450 Astruc D. New J. Chem., 2005, 29, 42-56. R. Larouche-Gauthier, T.G. Elford and V.K. Aggarwal, J. Am. Chem.Soc., 2011,133, 16794. Habib Hussain, Syeda Rubina Gilani, Zulfiqar Ali and Imdad Hussain, Asian Journal of Chemistry; 2013, 25, 17, 9965-9969 Hoffmann, R. W. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2003, 32, 225. Herbert C. Brown, D. Basavaiah, and N. G. Bhat, D. Basavaiah, and N. G. Bhat, J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 4518-4521 E. Vedejs, S. C. Fields, S. Lin, and M. R. Schrimpf, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 3028-3034. Ryschkewitsch, G. E.; Garrett, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 7234. Anna Bernardi, Angiolina Comotti, Cesare Gennari, Cheryl T. Hewkin, Jonathan M. Goodman, Achim Schlapbach and Ian Paterson, Tetrahedron 50, 4, 1227-1242, 1994. Bruce H. Lipshutz, Subir Ghorai, Zarko V. Boskovic, Tetrahedron, 64, 29, 2008, 6949-6954. Habib Hussain, Syeda Rubina Gilani, Zulfiqar Ali and Imdad Hussain, Asian Journal of Chemistry, In Press. [*]Corresponding Author: Habib Hussain

Acid Rain Essays -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Normal rainfall is slightly acidic because carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves in the raindrops to produce hydrogen ions. Yet, normal rainfall is not considered acid rain. Acid rain is a form of air pollution in which airborne acids produced by electric utility plants and other sources fall to Earth in distant regions. The corrosive nature of acid rain causes widespread damage to the environment. The problem begins with the production of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, natural gas, and oil, and from certain kinds of manufacturing. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water and other chemicals in the air to form sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and other pollutants. These acid pollutants reach high into the atmosphere, travel with the wind for hundreds of miles, and eventually return to the ground by way of rain, snow, or fog, and as invisible â€Å"dry† forms. Damage from acid rain has been wide spread in eastern North America and throughout Europe, and in Japan, China, and Southeast Asia. Acid rain leaches nutrients from soils, slows the growth of trees, and makes lakes uninhabitable for fish and other wildlife. In cities, acid pollutants corrode almost everything they touch, accelerating natural wear and tear on structures such as buildings and statues. Acids combine with other chemicals to form urban smog, which attacks the lungs, causing illness and premature deaths. The process that leads to acid rain begins with the burning of fossil fuels. Burning, or combustion, is a chemical reaction in which oxygen from the air combines with carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and other elements in the substance being burned. The new compounds formed are gases called oxides. When sulfur and nitrogen are present in the fuel, their reaction that occurs with oxygen yields sulfur dioxide and various nitrogen oxide compounds. In the United States, 70 percent of sulfur dioxide pollution comes from power plants, especially those that burn coal. In Canada, industrial activities, including oil refining and metal smelting, account for 61 percent of sulfur dioxide pollution. Nitrogen oxides enter the atmosphere from many sources, with motor vehicles emitting the largest share—43 percent in the United States and 60 percent in Canada. Once in the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides undergo c... ...ts. The targets established in laws and treaties are being met, usually ahead of schedule. Sulfur emissions in Europe decreased by 40 percent from 1980 to 1994. In Norway sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 75 percent during the same period. Since 1980 annual sulfur dioxide emissions in the United States have dropped from 26 million tons to 18.3 million tons. Canada reports sulfur dioxide emissions have been reduced to 2.6 million tons, 18 percent below the proposed limit of 3.2 million tons. Monitoring stations in several nations report that precipitation is actually becoming less acidic. In Europe, lakes and streams are now growing less acid. However, this does not seem to be the case in the United States and Canada. The reasons are not completely understood, but apparently, controls reducing nitrogen oxide emissions only began recently and their effects have yet to make a mark. In addition, soils in some areas have absorbed so much acid that they contain no more neutralizing alka line chemicals. The weathering of rock will gradually replace the missing alkaline chemicals, but scientists fear that improvement will be very slow unless pollution controls are made even stricter.